Understanding the Differences: European vs. American Dobermans
We’ve seen it over and over when people are worried that their European Doberman Pinscher is seemingly ‘too small’ for their age. There is a significant misunderstanding of the differences between American and European Dobermans, and social media’s promotion of ‘hyper types’ has fueled people’s interest in buying overly large Dobermans. However, when considering the purchase of a Doberman, it's essential to understand the factual distinctions between European and American Dobermans. This knowledge can help prospective owners make informed decisions and ensure the health and happiness of their future pets.
European vs. American Dobermans: Key Differences
Origin and Breeding Purposes: European Dobermans, originating from Europe, are primarily bred for work and protection. They adhere strictly to the standards set by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). American Dobermans, on the other hand, have been bred in the United States with a focus more on show qualities and companionship, following the standards of the American Kennel Club (AKC). However, it is crucial to note that even American Doberman Pinschers also started from European lines.
Physical Appearance: While many believe European Dobermans to be significantly larger and heavier than their American counterparts, this is largely a myth. The truth is that both European and American Dobermans should ideally adhere to their breed standards, which categorize them as a medium-sized breed. European Dobermans are generally more robust and have a more muscular build, while American Dobermans tend to be sleeker and more slender. However, their weight and height do not differ significantly.
European Dobermans (FCI Standards):
Height: The FCI standard for European Dobermans sets the ideal height for males at 68 to 72 cm (approximately 26.8 to 28.3 inches) at the withers, and for females, 63 to 68 cm (approximately 24.8 to 26.8 inches).
Weight: While the FCI standard emphasizes body proportions rather than specific weights, European Dobermans typically weigh between 40 to 45 kg (88 to 99 pounds) for males and 32 to 35 kg (70 to 77 pounds) for females. However, weight should be proportional to height and the overall body structure.
American Dobermans (AKC Standards):
Height: The AKC standard sets the ideal height for male Dobermans at 26 to 28 inches (approximately 66 to 71 cm) at the withers, and for females, 24 to 26 inches (approximately 61 to 66 cm).
Weight: Similar to the FCI, the AKC does not specify exact weights, focusing instead on the dog's overall balance and proportion. American Dobermans, however, generally align with European weights, but due to their slightly sleeker build, they may appear less bulky.
It's important to note that both standards discourage extremes in size and place a greater emphasis on balance, proportion, and the ability of the dog to perform its traditional work. Despite the common misconception, European Dobermans are not significantly larger or heavier than their American counterparts; rather, the differences lie more in build and musculature than in sheer size. Both standards aim to maintain the Doberman as a medium-sized breed, capable of agility, strength, and endurance. Ethical breeding practices should always strive to meet these standards while prioritizing the health and well-being of the dogs.
Temperament: European Dobermans are known for their strong work ethic, high energy levels, and endurance. They are typically more assertive and protective, making them excellent guard dogs. American Dobermans are often more laid back and are bred for a gentler disposition, making them more suitable as family pets.
Health and Lifespan: The two have variances in health concerns, mainly due to breeding practices. European breeders often adhere to strict health testing and breeding protocols to enhance the breed's health and longevity based on breeding them for working practices and less for show purposes, also known as conformation. In contrast, while many American breeders also follow high standards, the diversity in breeding practices can lead to a wider range of health issues. These statements may seem controversial, but they are not. It is not that American breeders are careless. Quite the opposite is true. However, in the United States, there is a broader range of breeding practices, partly due to the different purposes for which people breed Dobermans (show, companionship, and less work, etc.). This diversity can lead to a broader genetic pool, but it can also result in less control over the spread of genetic diseases, especially if breeders do not adhere strictly to health testing and ethical breeding practices. The emphasis on appearance and show qualities over work capability may also contribute to breeding choices that do not prioritize health.
The Myth of Hypertypes and Oversized Dobermans
A concerning trend in dog breeding is the pursuit of 'hypertypes' - animals that are bred to exaggerate specific physical traits, always at the expense of their health and well-being. In the case of Dobermans, the hypertype myth perpetuates the belief that bigger and heavier is better. This is a dangerous misconception.
True to breed standards, Dobermans are intended to be medium-sized, with a balance of strength and agility. Overly large Dobermans, often sought after due to misconceptions about European standards, can suffer from a host of health problems, including joint issues, cardiovascular strain, and decreased lifespan.
Ethical breeding practices are paramount. No reputable breeder aims to produce oversized Dobermans. Those who do are either misinformed about the breed standard or are intentionally ignoring health risks for aesthetic or financial gain. Breeders of ‘hyper types’ are ‘backyard’ breeders. No matter what they claim, they’re not ethical breeders.
Ensuring Ethical Breeding Practices
When looking for a Doberman, whether European or American, it's crucial to identify ethical breeders. Here are some indicators of responsible breeding practices:
Health Testing: Ethical breeders conduct comprehensive health testing on all breeding animals, checking for genetic diseases and conditions common to the breed.
Breed Standards Adherence: A commitment to maintaining the breed standard, including size, temperament, and physical traits, is a hallmark of a responsible breeder.
Openness and Transparency: Ethical breeders are transparent about their breeding practices and health testing results. They are willing to answer questions and provide detailed information about the puppies and their lineage.
Post-Purchase Support: Reputable breeders offer support after the sale, providing guidance for care, training, and health.
Puppy Rearing Conditions: The conditions in which the puppies are reared speak volumes. Ethical breeders ensure a clean, safe, and nurturing environment.
Recognition by Breeder Organizations: Membership in respected breeder organizations, adherence to their codes of ethics, and participation in breed clubs are positive signs.
In summary, while European and American Dobermans may differ in various aspects, the commitment to health and breed standards should remain constant. Dispelling the myths surrounding size and hypertypes is crucial for the well-being of the breed. By choosing ethical breeders and advocating for responsible breeding practices, owners can ensure the health and happiness of their Doberman, regardless of its origin.
