A Thoughtful Approach to Gastropexy for Doberman Pinscher Owners
Doberman Pinschers are susceptible to a life-threatening condition known as Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), more commonly referred to as stomach twisting, which is connected to bloat. Research indicates that the incidence of GDV in large, more precisely deep-chested breed dogs can range from 6% to 25% over the course of their lifetime. Doberman Pinschers, in particular, are often cited as having a risk towards the higher end of this range. Some studies and breed surveys suggest that around 20% to 25% of Dobermans may experience GDV during their lifetime. However, this percentage can vary based on factors such as age, diet, genetics, and lifestyle. Given these statistics, one preventive measure that Doberman owners can consider is gastropexy. Even though we believe that surgery should not be taken lightly and that there are ways to mitigate the risk for bloat and GDV non-surgically, this guide aims to delve into the details of elective/preventative gastropexy to aid Doberman owners in making an informed decision since this procedure is connected to major surgery.
Understanding Gastropexy
Gastropexy is a significant surgical procedure that involves attaching the stomach to the abdominal wall to prevent it from twisting, a common and often fatal component of GDV. Often, gastropexy is performed at the same time as the spay and neutering surgery. However, unlike spaying or neutering, which are relatively routine surgeries, gastropexy is more complex and invasive, primarily due to the size and depth of the incision required and the nature of the organs involved.
Why Gastropexy is Considered Major Surgery
Invasiveness: The procedure typically requires access to the deeper parts of the abdominal cavity.
Anesthesia Duration: Longer surgery times mean longer periods under anesthesia, increasing risks.
Postoperative Care: Recovery from gastropexy is more intensive compared to less invasive surgeries. Dogs must be closely monitored for signs of infection, complications, and pain management, and they will need to be severely restricted from activity.
Assessing Your Dog's Risk
Before deciding on gastropexy, consider your Doberman's individual risk factors:
Age: Older dogs are usually more affected than younger dogs. This situation has to do with the ligaments holding the stomach in place. In older dogs, these ligaments can wear out. However, younger dogs could be at risk based on other factors.
Family History: A family history of GDV increases your dog's risk.
Lifestyle: Factors such as eating habits, exercise routines, and stress levels can influence GDV risk.
By understanding these elements, you can make a more informed decision regarding whether gastropexy is right for your pet.
Weighing the Risks and Benefits
Pros of Gastropexy
Reduced Risk of GDV: The most significant benefit is the reduction in the risk of GDV, which can be life-saving.
Peace of Mind: Knowing your dog is safer from this condition can be incredibly reassuring.
Potential Cost Savings: While gastropexy is expensive, it can ultimately be more cost-effective than emergency GDV treatment.
Cons of Gastropexy
Surgical Risks: These include potential complications from anesthesia, infection, and the risk of postoperative pain and complications.
Recovery Time: Your Doberman will need a period of very restricted activity and food intake, which can be extremely difficult given that dogs often get spayed when they’re young (please see our article about not spaying and neutering before the age of two) and close monitoring.
Financial Cost: The upfront cost is substantial and should be considered in your decision.
After a gastropexy surgery, the focus is on pain management, infection prevention, and supporting the dog’s recovery. Here are some medications commonly prescribed postoperatively:
Pain Relief: Pain management is crucial after any surgical procedure. Dogs may be given non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like carprofen, meloxicam, or firocoxib. Opioids like tramadol, fentanyl, or morphine may also be used, especially immediately following surgery, for more severe pain.
Antibiotics: While not always necessary, antibiotics may be prescribed if there's a risk or presence of infection, particularly if the surgery is complicated or if there are any breaches in sterility.
Gastroprotectants: Medications like omeprazole, famotidine, or ranitidine might be given to help reduce stomach acid and protect the stomach lining, especially if the dog was experiencing gastric distress before or during the surgery.
Anti-nausea and Anti-emetic Medications: Drugs like maropitant or ondansetron may be administered to control nausea and prevent vomiting, which is crucial after gastropexy.
Prokinetics: In some cases, medications that help promote gastrointestinal motility may be prescribed, especially if there is significant gastric dilation.
While the exact medications will depend on the individual dog’s health, the specifics of the surgery, and the veterinarian’s protocols, all of these medications come with their own set of potential side effects, some of which can be substantial. Especially antibiotic treatments come with a set of health concerns that can last long after the surgery is done and are often underestimated. It's also important for the recovery process that the dog is closely monitored for signs of pain, infection, or other complications. Always follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your veterinarian and contact them with any concerns during the recovery period.
Effectiveness of Gastropexy
Gastropexy is a surgical procedure to prevent the life-threatening condition known as Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), or bloat, particularly in high-risk breeds like Dobermans. The research suggests that the success of gastropexy in preventing stomach twisting is substantial, but that does not necessarily make it the top choice in preventing GDV, considering all the factors involved in major surgery and aftercare.
The success rate of gastropexy in preventing the recurrence/occurrence of GDV is high. Studies have shown that once the stomach is properly anchored to the abdominal wall, the likelihood of it twisting (again) drops quite significantly. While the procedure does not prevent gastric dilation (the stomach filling with gas or fluid), it is effective in preventing volvulus, the life-threatening twist. The success rate of preventing GDV after a gastropexy is performed is typically cited to be over 90%, with some studies suggesting rates as high as 95% to 99%.
While exact figures can vary based on the veterinary clinic, surgeon's experience, and the dog's overall health, mortality rates for elective gastropexy are typically reported to be well below 5%. In some studies and reports, the mortality rate for elective procedures can be less than 1%. It's important to note that these rates can be higher in emergency gastropexy, where the dog is already suffering from GDV, due to complications related to the condition itself, such as shock, cardiac arrhythmias, and sepsis.
Long-term Outcomes
Dogs that undergo gastropexy generally have good long-term outcomes, especially when the procedure is performed before any episode of GDV occurs. Preventative gastropexy, done before the stomach ever twists, is particularly effective and can be a life-saving procedure. Dogs that have undergone gastropexy as a preventive measure typically lead normal, healthy lives.
Considerations
While gastropexy is highly effective in preventing stomach twisting, it's important to note:
Surgical Risks: As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with gastropexy, including complications from anesthesia, infection, and post-operative pain. However, these risks are generally considered low compared to the high risk of mortality associated with untreated GDV.
Not a Complete Prevention for Bloat: Gastropexy prevents the twisting (volvulus) but not the dilation (bloating) part of GDV. Owners should still be vigilant about their dog's diet and eating habits and continue to monitor for signs of gastric distress, even after the surgery.
Veterinary Expertise: The effectiveness of gastropexy can also depend on the skill and experience of the veterinarian performing the surgery. It's crucial to have the procedure done by a qualified veterinary surgeon.
Making an Informed Decision
The decision to proceed with gastropexy should not be taken lightly. Consider your dog's specific circumstances—age, health, lifestyle, and family history. Evaluate how these factors align with the known risks and benefits of the surgery.
It's also crucial to have an in-depth conversation with your veterinarian. They can provide valuable insights into your Doberman's individual risk profile and help guide you through making the best decision for your pet's long-term health.
Gastropexy represents a significant decision for any Doberman owner. While it offers a considerable reduction in the risk of GDV, it comes with its own set of risks and considerations. By carefully evaluating your dog's individual risk factors and lifestyle and by understanding the surgical risks involved, you can make a more informed and thoughtful decision. Remember, the goal is always the health and happiness of your beloved Doberman, not just your peace of mind.
Further Resources:
Benitez, M. E., Schmiedt, C. W., Radlinsky, M. G., & Cornell, K. K. (2013). Efficacy of incisional gastropexy for prevention of GDV in dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 49(3), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5849
Eggertsdóttir, A. V., Stigen, O., Lønaas, L., Kolbjørnsen, O., & Moe, L. (1996). Comparison of two surgical treatments of gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 37(4), 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548081
Fairfield, D. K., Singh, A., & Lazaro, A. S. (2023). Perioperative characteristics and long-term outcomes following prophylactic total laparoscopic gastropexy using a novel knotless tissue control device in 44 dogs. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 64(7), 659–665.
Glickman, L. T., Glickman, N. W., Schellenberg, D. B., Raghavan, M., & Lee, T. (2000). Non-dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in large and giant breed dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(10), 1492–1499. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.1492
Ward, M. P., Patronek, G. J., & Glickman, L. T. (2003). Benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus. Preventive veterinary medicine, 60(4), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(03)00142-9
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your veterinarian or other healthcare professional. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease or prescribe any medication or other treatment. Always consult with your veterinarian or other qualified healthcare provider before making any changes to your pet's healthcare regimen, especially if they have or suspect they may have a health problem. The author and publisher of this article are not responsible for any adverse effects or consequences resulting from the use of any suggestions, products, or procedures mentioned in this article. The use of this information is at the reader's discretion and risk.
